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Title: Versatile and structurally efficient aerial vehicles assembled from polyhedral rotorcraft modules
Date: Thursday, April 14, 2022
Time: 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM ET
Location: https://bluejeans.com/2450393717
Kévin Garanger
Robotics Ph.D. Student
School of Aerospace Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Committee
Dr. Eric Feron (Advisor) — Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Dr. John D Berrigan — Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory
Dr. Seth A Hutchinson — School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. Marco Pavone — Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University
Dr. Julian J Rimoli — School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
Abstract
Autonomous uncrewed air vehicles (UAVs) have become widespread tools for several industries like agriculture, construction, and public safety. They are primarily used to carry payloads such as sensors or cargo. Because of the variety of payloads and the tight performance envelope of electrically powered platforms, a myriad of purpose-built vehicles exist to respond to specific needs, resulting in little flexibility and increase complexity of operations. As a solution to this issue, modular reconfigurable autonomous aerial vehicles that can adapt to diverse payloads have been proposed. Because of the necessity to limit interactions between rotors, prior art has been mostly defined by modules that assemble in a horizontal plane. This rule of assembly inevitably leads to a decrease in stiffness of vehicles as they grow in size and to several related issues. Novel modular rotorcraft designs and assembly schemes based on polyhedral modules and intended to remedy these limitations are explored in this thesis. The proposed rotorcraft modules are inspired by the five platonic solids and in particular, the possibilities offered by tetrahedron and dodecahedron-shaped modules are explored. Both of these modules can form three-dimensional, structurally efficient vehicles showing limited rotor interactions, which are assembled iteratively according to a procedure inspired by fractals.
Structural and dynamical properties of the introduced modular vehicles are studied. The characterization of the polyhedral modules as space frames allows to predict the structural properties of arbitrary vehicles and to compare them. It is shown that overall, three-dimensional configurations are better suited for load-bearing applications. In addition, the potential for a large number of rotors in a vehicle requires novel methods of control allocation. Matrix-based allocation is considered in this work for its low computational cost, and convex optimization programs are formulated to optimize these matrices with respect to metrics such as control authority of power consumption.
Besides being used to study given vehicle configurations, the introduced methods for structural and control allocation analysis can also be integrated into optimization programs over the space of feasible configurations. As a result, it shown that the simultaneous optimization of modular configurations and their control allocation matrices, in consideration of their structural properties as well, can be done with mixed-integer programming. Flight experiments of a prototype show the feasibility of assembling and controlling various configurations from the same modules.
